See lub on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Latn",
"name": "mul-symbol/script"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"image": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ISO 639-2",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ISO 639-3",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Theknightwho's maintenance category",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 13 23 3 1 15 33 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 12 21 5 1 14 30 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 8 4 3 5 35 13 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "White Hmong classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 5 10 6 2 7 45 8 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Luba-Katanga."
],
"id": "en-lub-mul-symbol-kHBORaEi",
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Luba-Katanga."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Luba-Katanga terms"
}
]
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "en",
"3": "love"
},
"expansion": "English love",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English love.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lob",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"love"
],
"id": "en-lub-gul-noun-aG90apW2",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌb/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ləb/"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "en",
"3": "love"
},
"expansion": "English love",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English love.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lob",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gullah entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To love"
],
"id": "en-lub-gul-verb-jJ9hSKn0",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌb/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ləb/"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "lub"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "lub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":clipping",
"3": "lubo<id:conjunction>",
"etydate": "c,1487",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"conjunction\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"love\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ljaubas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lubo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"lub\">\nClipping of lubo. First attested in c. 1487.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nClipping of lubo. First attested in c. 1487.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
39
]
],
"ref": "[c. 1487], Adam Wolff, editor, Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty Adama Wolffa pochodzące z mazowieckich ksiąg sądowych, Grójec, page 4 a:",
"text": "Jest w Golianach Joh[annes] Gysthor lub Gysthorek",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or, that is, and/or"
],
"id": "en-lub-zlw-opl-conj-UURt2ftc",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"that is",
"that is"
],
[
"and/or",
"and/or"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) or, that is, and/or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lubo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʲu(ː)p/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʲup/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "lub m inan",
"name": "zlw-osk-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sieve frame"
],
"id": "en-lub-zlw-osk-noun-sxNDRP6b",
"links": [
[
"sieve",
"sieve"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:lub",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nPolish lub\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"conjunction\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"love\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ljaubas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lubo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"lub\">\nInherited from Old Polish lub.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+clipping",
"2": "pl",
"3": "lubo"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, clipping of lubo",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nPolish lub\nInherited from Old Polish lub. By surface analysis, clipping of lubo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leb",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "lubo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or, and/or"
],
"id": "en-lub-pl-conj-ItwAZNDe",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"and/or",
"and/or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes repeated) or, and/or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abo"
},
{
"word": "albo"
},
{
"word": "bądź"
},
{
"word": "czy"
}
],
"tags": [
"repeated",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlup]",
"note": "Eastern Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "lup"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lubić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of lubić"
],
"id": "en-lub-pl-verb-EVgLETYz",
"links": [
[
"lubić",
"lubić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlup]",
"note": "Eastern Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "lup"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:lub",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nSilesian lub\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"conjunction\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"love\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ljaubas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lubo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"lub\">\nInherited from Old Polish lub.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nSilesian lub\nInherited from Old Polish lub.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or, and/or"
],
"id": "en-lub-szl-conj-ItwAZNDe",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"and/or",
"and/or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes repeated) or, and/or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abo"
}
],
"tags": [
"repeated",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "hmn-pro",
"3": "*ʔlɛŋᴬ",
"t": "classifier for bowls and houses"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmongic *ʔlɛŋᴬ (“classifier for bowls and houses”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "zh",
"3": "庵",
"t": "thatched hut"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 庵 (ān, “thatched hut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-mie-pro",
"2": "*ʔnɛɔmᴬ",
"t": "id"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mienic *ʔnɛɔmᴬ (“id”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*lɯ:kᴰ",
"4": "",
"5": "child (offspring)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *lɯ:kᴰ (“child (offspring)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ลูก"
},
"expansion": "Thai ลูก (lûuk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nod",
"2": "ᩃᩪᨠ"
},
"expansion": "Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ລູກ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ລູກ (lūk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦟᦴᧅ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "blt",
"2": "ꪩꪴꪀ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "လုၵ်ႈ"
},
"expansion": "Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥘᥧᥐ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kht",
"2": "လုက်ႉ"
},
"expansion": "Khamti လ︀ုက︀်ႉ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phk",
"2": "လုက်"
},
"expansion": "Phake လ︀ုက︀် (luk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫 (luk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcc",
"2": "leg"
},
"expansion": "Bouyei leg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "lwg"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang lwg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swi",
"2": "laag",
"3": "",
"4": "son"
},
"expansion": "Sui laag (“son”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-lic-pro",
"2": "*hlɯːk",
"3": "",
"4": "child; offspring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hlai *hlɯːk (“child; offspring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-onb-pro",
"2": "*ləːkᴰ²",
"3": "",
"4": "child; offspring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Be *ləːkᴰ² (“child; offspring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fos",
"2": "alak"
},
"expansion": "Siraya alak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hmongic *ʔlɛŋᴬ (“classifier for bowls and houses”), borrowed from Chinese 庵 (ān, “thatched hut”). Cognate with Proto-Mienic *ʔnɛɔmᴬ (“id”).\nOther proposals consider the word as borrowed from Proto-Tai *lɯ:kᴰ (“child (offspring)”). If that case, then cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Khamti လ︀ုက︀်ႉ, Phake လ︀ုက︀် (luk), Ahom 𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫 (luk), Bouyei leg, Zhuang lwg. Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui laag (“son”), Proto-Hlai *hlɯːk (“child; offspring”) (whence ɗɯːʔ⁷~ɬɯːʔ⁷~ɬɯːk⁷~ɬɯaʔ⁷ across the different lects) and Proto-Be *ləːkᴰ² (“child; offspring”) (whence lɛk⁸~lək⁸ across the different lects). Compare also Siraya alak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"ball; round object."
],
"id": "en-lub-mww-classifier-cYqLDXSb",
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"(classifier) ball; round object."
],
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"building."
],
"id": "en-lub-mww-classifier-RUThQEF~",
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"(classifier) building."
],
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"abstract idea."
],
"id": "en-lub-mww-classifier-K42RrO0U",
"links": [
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"(classifier) abstract idea."
],
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lu˥/"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"raw_tags": [
"class dd"
],
"roman": "luu",
"word": "лӯ"
},
{
"lang": "Ingush",
"lang_code": "inh",
"raw_tags": [
"class dd"
],
"roman": "liı̇g",
"word": "лийг"
}
],
"lang": "Vainakh",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "lub-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*lub-"
},
"expansion": "*lub (stem *lub-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nakh",
"lang_code": "cau-nkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/lub",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Nakh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roe deer"
],
"id": "en-lub-cau-nkh-pro-noun-hIX7xobR",
"links": [
[
"roe deer",
"roe deer"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Gullah entries with incorrect language header",
"Gullah lemmas",
"Gullah nouns",
"Gullah terms derived from English",
"Gullah verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "en",
"3": "love"
},
"expansion": "English love",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English love.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lob",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"love"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌb/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ləb/"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Gullah entries with incorrect language header",
"Gullah lemmas",
"Gullah nouns",
"Gullah terms derived from English",
"Gullah verbs",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "en",
"3": "love"
},
"expansion": "English love",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English love.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lob",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To love"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʌb/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ləb/"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "lub"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "lub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":clipping",
"3": "lubo<id:conjunction>",
"etydate": "c,1487",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"conjunction\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"love\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ljaubas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lubo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"lub\">\nClipping of lubo. First attested in c. 1487.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nClipping of lubo. First attested in c. 1487.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish clippings",
"Old Polish conjunctions",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (love)",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
36,
39
]
],
"ref": "[c. 1487], Adam Wolff, editor, Rękopiśmienne ekscerpty Adama Wolffa pochodzące z mazowieckich ksiąg sądowych, Grójec, page 4 a:",
"text": "Jest w Golianach Joh[annes] Gysthor lub Gysthorek",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or, that is, and/or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"that is",
"that is"
],
[
"and/or",
"and/or"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) or, that is, and/or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lubo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʲu(ː)p/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/lʲup/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "lub m inan",
"name": "zlw-osk-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Slovak inanimate nouns",
"Old Slovak lemmas",
"Old Slovak masculine nouns",
"Old Slovak nouns",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"sieve frame"
],
"links": [
[
"sieve",
"sieve"
],
[
"frame",
"frame"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Kraków Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish clippings",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (love)",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/up",
"Rhymes:Polish/up/1 syllable",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:lub",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nPolish lub\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"conjunction\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"love\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ljaubas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lubo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"lub\">\nInherited from Old Polish lub.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+clipping",
"2": "pl",
"3": "lubo"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, clipping of lubo",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nPolish lub\nInherited from Old Polish lub. By surface analysis, clipping of lubo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leb",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"form": "lubo",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"or, and/or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"and/or",
"and/or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes repeated) or, and/or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abo"
},
{
"word": "albo"
},
{
"word": "bądź"
},
{
"word": "czy"
}
],
"tags": [
"repeated",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlup]",
"note": "Eastern Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "lup"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Kraków Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/up",
"Rhymes:Polish/up/1 syllable",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lubić"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of lubić"
],
"links": [
[
"lubić",
"lubić#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlup]",
"note": "Eastern Kraków"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "lup"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chechen",
"lang_code": "ce",
"raw_tags": [
"class dd"
],
"roman": "luu",
"word": "лӯ"
},
{
"lang": "Ingush",
"lang_code": "inh",
"raw_tags": [
"class dd"
],
"roman": "liı̇g",
"word": "лийг"
}
],
"lang": "Vainakh",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "lub-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*lub-"
},
"expansion": "*lub (stem *lub-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nakh",
"lang_code": "cau-nkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/lub",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Nakh entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Nakh lemmas",
"Proto-Nakh nouns",
"cau-nkh-pro:Cervids"
],
"glosses": [
"roe deer"
],
"links": [
[
"roe deer",
"roe deer"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:lub",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nSilesian lub\n[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"conjunction\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"love\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lewbʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ljaubas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubъ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*ľubo\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lubo\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"lub\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"lub\">\nInherited from Old Polish lub.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-der.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *lewbʰós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubas\nProto-Slavic *ľubъ\nProto-Slavic *-o\nProto-Slavic *ľubo\nOld Polish luboclip.\nOld Polish lub\nSilesian lub\nInherited from Old Polish lub.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lub"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lub"
]
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Silesian/up",
"Rhymes:Silesian/up/1 syllable",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with etymon",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (love)",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"or, and/or"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"and/or",
"and/or"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes repeated) or, and/or"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abo"
}
],
"tags": [
"repeated",
"sometimes"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Latn",
"name": "mul-symbol/script"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"image": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Luba-Katanga terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-2",
"ISO 639-3",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Theknightwho's maintenance category",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Luba-Katanga."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Luba-Katanga."
]
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong classifiers",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms derived from Chinese",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"White Hmong terms derived from Proto-Tai",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "hmn-pro",
"3": "*ʔlɛŋᴬ",
"t": "classifier for bowls and houses"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmongic *ʔlɛŋᴬ (“classifier for bowls and houses”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "zh",
"3": "庵",
"t": "thatched hut"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 庵 (ān, “thatched hut”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-mie-pro",
"2": "*ʔnɛɔmᴬ",
"t": "id"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mienic *ʔnɛɔmᴬ (“id”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "tai-pro",
"3": "*lɯ:kᴰ",
"4": "",
"5": "child (offspring)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *lɯ:kᴰ (“child (offspring)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ลูก"
},
"expansion": "Thai ลูก (lûuk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nod",
"2": "ᩃᩪᨠ"
},
"expansion": "Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ລູກ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ລູກ (lūk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦟᦴᧅ"
},
"expansion": "Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "blt",
"2": "ꪩꪴꪀ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "လုၵ်ႈ"
},
"expansion": "Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tdd",
"2": "ᥘᥧᥐ"
},
"expansion": "Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kht",
"2": "လုက်ႉ"
},
"expansion": "Khamti လ︀ုက︀်ႉ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phk",
"2": "လုက်"
},
"expansion": "Phake လ︀ုက︀် (luk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aho",
"2": "𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫"
},
"expansion": "Ahom 𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫 (luk)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcc",
"2": "leg"
},
"expansion": "Bouyei leg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "lwg"
},
"expansion": "Zhuang lwg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swi",
"2": "laag",
"3": "",
"4": "son"
},
"expansion": "Sui laag (“son”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-lic-pro",
"2": "*hlɯːk",
"3": "",
"4": "child; offspring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hlai *hlɯːk (“child; offspring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "qfa-onb-pro",
"2": "*ləːkᴰ²",
"3": "",
"4": "child; offspring"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Be *ləːkᴰ² (“child; offspring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fos",
"2": "alak"
},
"expansion": "Siraya alak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hmongic *ʔlɛŋᴬ (“classifier for bowls and houses”), borrowed from Chinese 庵 (ān, “thatched hut”). Cognate with Proto-Mienic *ʔnɛɔmᴬ (“id”).\nOther proposals consider the word as borrowed from Proto-Tai *lɯ:kᴰ (“child (offspring)”). If that case, then cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Khamti လ︀ုက︀်ႉ, Phake လ︀ုက︀် (luk), Ahom 𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫 (luk), Bouyei leg, Zhuang lwg. Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui laag (“son”), Proto-Hlai *hlɯːk (“child; offspring”) (whence ɗɯːʔ⁷~ɬɯːʔ⁷~ɬɯːk⁷~ɬɯaʔ⁷ across the different lects) and Proto-Be *ləːkᴰ² (“child; offspring”) (whence lɛk⁸~lək⁸ across the different lects). Compare also Siraya alak.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "lub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"ball; round object."
],
"links": [
[
"ball",
"ball"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"(classifier) ball; round object."
],
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"building."
],
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"(classifier) building."
],
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"abstract idea."
],
"links": [
[
"abstract",
"abstract"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"classifier for objects characterized by bulk or roundness:",
"(classifier) abstract idea."
],
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lu˥/"
}
],
"word": "lub"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lub meaning in All languages combined (25.1kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 400484221<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:51:58 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 430960308<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:52:53 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 441758953<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:53:49 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 482274744<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:54:44 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:der",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 459829955<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:55:39 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 341963554<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:56:34 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 438910044<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:57:29 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lub",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "White Hmong",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lub",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 488312187<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Fri, 18 Sep 2026 03:58:25 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.